TDCPP (Fyrol FR 2) is classified under the chlorinated trialkyl organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) group of compounds primarily utilized as additives in commercial products.

在TDCPP暴露后，细胞活性呈剂量依赖性下降，LC50为202 μg/mL。在HCECs中，暴露于≥2 μg/mL TDCPP后，观察到浓度依赖性的凋亡迹象。内质网应激的诱导通过其生物标志基因(ATF-4, CHOP, BiP, XBP1)的上调得到证实。此外，在暴露于2或20 μg/mL TDCPP后，观察到Bcl-2/Bax表达的变化、线粒体膜电位的丧失、细胞ATP含量的降低、以及caspase-3和-9活性的增加。这些发现暗示内质网应激在TDCPP引起的HCEC凋亡中的参与，可能是通过线粒体凋亡途径介导的。TDCPP暴露对人类角膜造成了毒性。

Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 ng/mL EGF, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution in an incubator with 5% CO2 at 37℃.?After reaching confluence, HCECs were replanted into 6/24/ 96-well plates or petri dishes with different initial densities and cultured for 24 h to reach ~70% confluence.?Then, TDCPP dissolved in n-hexane was solvent-exchanged to DMSO and serially diluted by DMEM to achieve concentrations from 0.034 to 340 μg/mL.?For cell exposure, the culture medium was aspirated and treated with TDCPP solutions (DMSO <0.1%) for 24 h with 0.1% DMSO solution as vehicle control[1].