Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), also known as Glucopyranosyl lipid A, is an agonist of toll-like receptor 4. Derived from the cell wall of nonpathogenic Salmonella, MPLA is a valuable compound for research on immunization and vaccine development.

Monophosphoryl lipid A (100 μg/ml, 2 hours; dendritic cells) induces NF-κB activation and modulates TLR2[2]. Monophosphoryl lipid A (5~100 μg/ml, 24 hours; dendritic cells) induces IL-12 production by human[2]. Increasing the amount of Monophosphoryl lipid A (from 0.1 to 1 μg), the percentage of matured BMDCs also increased[1]. Monophosphoryl lipid A up-regulates dendritic cells surface markers. Monophosphoryl lipid A enhances T cell responses. Monophosphoryl lipid A (CD4 T cells) increases calcium mobilization of activated T cells[2]. Western Blot Analysis[2]Cell Line: Dendritic cells Concentration: 100 μg/ml Incubation Time: 2 hours Result: Induced NF-κB activation and modulated TLR2.

The generated Monophosphoryl lipid A has been shown to activate APC and to enhance the generation of both Th1- and Th2-specific immune response in mice[2].