Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate is a powerful activator of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. It effectively induces the translocation of nPKC-delta, -epsilon, and -theta as well as PKC-mu from the cytosolic fraction to the particulate fraction. Through de novo synthesis of macromolecules, it triggers apoptosis with characteristic morphology. Moreover, Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate enhances IFN-γ production and degranulation in NK cells, particularly when stimulated by NSCLC cells[1][2].

Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate (0-10000 nM; 4 hours) enhanced NK cells (stimulated by A549 cells and H1299 cells) degranulation[2].Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate (0.001-10 μg/ml) dose dependently promoted UT-7/EPO cell proliferation with an EC50 of 0.27 μg/ml (485 nM)[3].

Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate (20 μg/mouse; i.p.; on days 3, 7, and 11) lessens the anemia induced by 5-fluorouracil in an in vivo mouse model[3]. Animal Model: Male C57BL/6 mice (8-12 weeks old)[3]