F-SLOH is a near-infrared fluorescent probe (NIRF). In the brains of 5XFAD and 3XTg-AD mice, F-SLOH significantly reduces the levels of Aβ oligomers, Tau aggregates and plaques, as well as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its metabolites, via the autophagic-lysosomal degradation pathway (ALP). Additionally, F-SLOH diminishes astrocyte activation and microglial proliferation, effectively alleviating neuroinflammation. It also mitigates hyperphosphorylated Tau protein aggregates, improves synaptic defects, enhances synaptic memory function, and ameliorates cognitive impairment in AD model mice.