9(10)-Nitrooleate, a mixture of endogenous lipid signaling molecules composed of 9-nitrooleic acid and 10-nitrooleic acid, is synthesized through nitration of oleic acid in the presence of peroxynitrite, nitrous acid, and myeloperoxidase with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrite as auxiliary reagents.

In MCF-7 cells, reporter gene assays have shown that 9(10)-Nitrooleate at concentrations of 0.3 µM and higher, or 3 µM and higher, can induce transcriptional activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) or nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Similarly, experiments in CV-1 cells reveal concentration-dependent induction of PPARγ, PPARδ, or PPARα transcriptional activation by this compound. Moreover, at 3 µM, it promotes lipid formation and differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and enhances glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

In vivo, administration of 9(10)-Nitrooleate (500 µg/kg every six hours for 24 hours) significantly reduces plasma levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, and TNF-α as well as myeloperoxidase (Mpo) and IL-1β in the kidneys, and alleviates tubular necrosis and dilation in a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.