Inulin(Inulin and sodium chloride), a starch found in the tubers and roots of many plants. Since it is hydrolyzable to fructose, it is classified as a fructosan.

Inulin(20 g/d及40 g/d)显著增加粪便中双歧杆菌的数量。[1] Inulin对健康促进菌属双歧杆菌的增殖具有优先刺激作用，同时使潜在致病菌（大肠杆菌、梭状芽孢杆菌）的数量保持在相对较低的水平。[2] Inulin与双歧杆菌的结合比单独使用二者更能有效抑制异型隐窝灶(ACF)，实现小型ACF 80%的抑制效果。[3] Inulin由线性果糖分子链组成，聚合度(DP)在3至65之间，可分为缓慢发酵的长链部分（DP范围从10到65，平均25）或快速发酵的低聚果糖部分（DP范围从3到8，平均4）。[4] 长链Inulin与短链低聚果糖的结合在大鼠中比对照组产生更多的盲肠、结肠和粪便中的Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale菌群，而单独的OF对这一菌群在盲肠、结肠或粪便中没有影响。[5]

Inulin 在给予含有 Inulin 饮食的大鼠中导致盲肠重量增加和 beta-glucosidase 活性增加, 同时盲肠 pH 值降低（无论是否含有 B. longum）。[3]

Affinity determination: In general, in vitro kinase assays are performed using purified kinase and synthetic substrates under standard conditions using the Kinase Profiling service of Upstate Biotechnology. Briefly, for each assay 5–10 mU of purified kinase is used. For GSK3β, cdk1, cdk2, cdk3, cdk5, the kinase is incubated with 1 μM GW5074 in a buffer containing 8 mM MOPS, pH 7.2, 0.2 mM EDTA, 10 mM magnesium acetate and [c- 33P-ATP] for 40 min at room temperature. Kinase activity is quantified by measuring 33P incorporation by spotting an aliquot on P30 filters, washing in 50 mM phosphoric acid and scintillation counting. The buffer composition for c-Raf, JNK1, JNK2, JNK3, MEK1, MKK6, MKK7 is 50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 0.1 mM EGTA, 10 mM magnesium acetate and [c- 33P-ATP]. The peptide substrates used are as follows: For c-Raf, 0.66 mg/mL MBP; for cdks, 0.1 mg/mL histone H1; for JNKs, 3 μM ATF2; for MEK1, 1 μM MAPK2; for MKK6, 1 μM of SAPK2a and for MKK7, 2 μM JNK1α.