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Cat. No. | Product Name | ||
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L8710 | 铜死亡化合物库 | 400 compounds | |
TargetMol 铜死亡化合物库集合了 400 种与铜死亡相关的化合物,可以用于铜死亡机制及相关疾病研究 |
Cat. No. | Product Name | Target | Signaling Pathways |
---|---|---|---|
T16133 |
MRK-560
|
Gamma-secretase | Neuroscience; Proteases/Proteasome; Stem Cells |
MRK-560 是高效的、口服有效的 γ- 分泌酶抑制剂抑制剂,具有大脑屏障渗透性。 | |||
T6603 |
Nelarabine
GW 506U78,Nelzarabine,奈拉滨,506U78 |
Apoptosis; Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog; DNA/RNA Synthesis | Apoptosis; Cell Cycle/Checkpoint; DNA Damage/DNA Repair |
Nelarabine (GW 506U78) 是一种嘌呤核苷酸类似物,为DNA 合成抑制剂,对肿瘤细胞的IC50为0.067-2.15 μM,可作用于T 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病。 | |||
T0370 |
Pheniramine maleate
Daneral,Inhiston,Trimetose,马来酸非尼拉敏 |
5-HT Receptor; Histamine Receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Immunology/Inflammation; Neuroscience |
Pheniramine maleate (Trimetose) 是一种具有抗组胺和血管扩张特性的烷基胺衍生物,可与组胺 H1 受体结合,从而抑制磷脂酶 A2 和内皮源性松弛因子一氧化氮的产生。 | |||
T72984 |
(Rac)-SHIN2
|
Others | Others |
(Rac)-SHIN2 是一种丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶 (SHMT) 抑制剂,可提高 NOTCH1 驱动的小鼠原代 T-ALL 在体内的存活率,可用于研究 T 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病 (T-ALL)。 | |||
T36944 |
Ara-G
|
Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog | Cell Cycle/Checkpoint; DNA Damage/DNA Repair |
Ara-G 是一种脱氧鸟苷 (GdR) 类似物和核苷类似物,可被 T 淋巴谱系细胞迅速转化为其相应的阿拉伯糖基鸟嘌呤核苷酸三磷酸 (araGTP),从而抑制 DNA 合成和对 T 淋巴母细胞的选择性体外毒性细胞系以及来自 T 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 患者的新鲜分离的白血病细胞。 | |||
T3448 |
GJ103
|
Others | Others |
GJ103 是通读化合物 GJ072 的活性类似物。一些 GJ072 类似物(例如,GJ103、GJ106、GJ109 和 GJ111)通过 FCATMpSer1981 和 IRIF 测定一致地证明了它们在所有三种 PTC 中的活性。 GJ103 具有与 RTC13 或 RTC14 相似的通读活性,但比 RTC13 和 RTC14 对 A-T 细胞的耐受性更高。 | |||
T39799 |
S2157
S2157 |
Others | Others |
S2157, a potent N-alkylated tranylcypromine (TCP) derivative lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor, enhances H3K9 methylation and concurrently reduces H3K27 acetylation at super-enhancer sites. This compound triggers apoptosis in TCP-resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells by inhibiting NOTCH3 and TAL1 gene expression. Moreover, S2157 is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, effectively eliminating central nervous system (CNS) leukemia in mice models implanted... | |||
T79377 |
NWP-0476
|
Others | Others |
NWP-0476为针对BCL-2/BCL-xL的抑制剂,其结构已优化以提高对BCL-xL的选择性。该化合物适用于复发性T-急性淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)的相关研究。 | |||
T39800 |
S2116
|
Others | Others |
S2116 is a powerful inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), and it is a derivative of N-alkylated tranylcypromine (TCP). S2116 exhibits its inhibitory effects by increasing H3K9 methylation and inducing reciprocal H3K27 deacetylation at super-enhancer regions. In TCP-resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells, S2116 triggers apoptosis by repressing the transcription of NOTCH3 and TAL1 genes. Furthermore, S2116 demonstrates significant growth retardation of T-ALL cells... | |||
T83930 |
SJ 11646
|
Others | Others |
SJ11646是一种高效的LCK(淋巴细胞特异性蛋白酪氨酸激酶)降解剂(PROTAC;DC50= 0.00838 pM)。该化合物由Dasatinib作为LCK配体,以及基于苯基谷氨酰亚胺的cereblon结合体组成。它在体外对LCK激活的T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)细胞株和初级白血病样本展现出细胞毒性。在体内,SJ11646在源自患者的T-ALL异种移植模型中显示出抗白血病效果。 | |||
T60966 |
UCPH-102
|
Others | Others |
UCPH-102 可用于研究阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、慢性疼痛和强迫症等,具有良好的血脑通透性。UCPH-102 是高度选择性的 EAAT1抑制剂,IC50值为0.43 μM。UCPH-102 还对 T-ALL 细胞表现出特异性的抗增殖作用。 | |||
T36693 |
FD-211
|
Others | Others |
FD-211 is a δ lactone originally isolated from M. lutea with anticancer activity.1 It is cytotoxic to adriamycin-susceptible P388, T-24, HeLa, A549, and HL-60 cancer cells (IC50s = 4, 0.5, 1, 1, and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively), as well as adriamycin-resistant HL-60/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.1 μg/ml). FD-211 also inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in HeLa cells (IC50 = 1.25 μg/ml for all). |1. Nozawa, O., Okazaki, T., Sakai, N., et al. A novel bioactive δ lactone FD-211. Taxonomy, isolation and char... | |||
T37553 |
(-)-Mycousnine
|
Others | Others |
(-)-Mycousnine is a microbial metabolite and derivative of usnic acid originally isolated fromM. nawaethat has antibacterial and antifungal activities.1,2It is active against the Gram-positive bacteriaB. subtilis,K. rhizophila, andS. aureus(MICs = 4, 8, and 4 g/ml, respectively) but not the Gram-negative bacteriaE. coli,S. typhimurium, andK. pneumoniae(MICs = >128 g/ml for all).2(-)-Mycousnine is also active against the fungiT. mentagrophytes,T. rubrum, andC. albicans(MICs = 25, 25, and 100 μg/m... | |||
T37887 |
1-Heptadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
|
Others | Others |
1-Heptadecanoyl-rac-glycerol is a monoacylglycerol that contains heptadecanoic acid at the sn-1 position. It is active against the bacteria E. aerogens, E. cloacae, P. mirabilis, and S. faecalis (MIC = 78 μg/ml for all).1 1-Heptadecanoyl-rac-glycerol has been found in T. africana, I. sonorae, and wheat bran.1,2,3 |1. Kuete, V., Metuno, R., Ngameni, B., et al. Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts and compounds from Treculia africana and Treculia acuminata (Moraceae). S. Afr. J. Bot. ... | |||
T37536 |
Carbazomycin A
|
Others | Others |
Carbazomycin A is a bacterial metabolite that has been found in Streptomyces and has diverse biological activities.1,2It is active againstS. aureus,T. asteroides, andT. mentagrophytes(MIC = 12.5 μg/ml for all), as well as the plant pathogenic fungusP. oryzae(MIC = 25 μg/ml). Carbazomycin A is cytotoxic to MCF-7, KB, NCI H187, and Vero cells (IC50s = 26.2, 30.1, 18.4, and 32.6 μg/ml, respectively).2 1.Sakano, K.-I., Ishimaru, K., and Nakamura, S.New antibiotics, carbazomycins A and B. I. Fermenta... | |||
T37330 |
Pyridindolol
|
Others | Others |
Pyrindolol is a bacterial metabolite that has been found inS. alboverticillatus.1It inhibits neutral β-galactosidase by 50% under acidic, but not neutral, conditions when used at a concentration of 2 μg/ml. It is selective for β-galactosidase isolated from bovine liver over β-galactosidases isolated from human, bovine, pig, and rat tissues and sialidases isolated fromC. perfringens,Streptomyces, and the H3N2 strain of influenza virus (IC50s = >250 μg/ml for all).1,2 1.Aoyagi, T., Kumagai, M., Ha... | |||
T38381 |
CAY17c
|
Others | Others |
CAY17c is an inhibitor of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4; IC50= 0.71 μM), as well as class I histone deacetylases (HDACs; IC50s = 0.046, 0.058, 0.075, and 0.167 μM for HDAC1, -2, -3, and -8, respectively) and class IIb HDACs (IC50s = 0.073 and 0.923 μM for HDAC6 and HDAC10, respectively).1It is selective for these enzymes over BRD2, -3, and -T (IC50s = >20 μM for all), as well as over HDAC4, -5, -7, -9, and -11 (IC50s = >10 μM for all). CAY17c inhibits the proliferation of HCT116, SW620,... | |||
T35810 |
C24 dihydro Ceramide (d18:0/24:0)
Cer(d18:0/24:0) |
Others | Others |
C24 dihydro Ceramide is a sphingolipid that has been found in the stratum corneum of human skin.[1] It is found in higher concentrations in female sebum compared to male sebum.[2] C24 dihydro Ceramide levels positively correlate with cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM, MOLT-4, COG-LL-317h, and COG-LL-332h T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines.[4] Levels of C24 dihydro ceramide are increased by 149.49-fold in dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DEGS1) knockdown UM-SCC-22A human head and neck squam... | |||
T35829 |
CC-90005
|
Others | Others |
CC-90005 is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ), with an IC50 of 8 nM. CC-90005 shows selectivity for PKC-θ over PKC-δ (IC50=4440 nM). CC-90005 can inhibit T cell activation by IL-2 expression[1]. CC-90005 shows the exquisite selectivity of CC-90005, with IC50s for all other family members of >3 μM[1].CC-90005 is a moderate inhibitor of both CYP2C9 (IC50=8 μM) and CYP2C19 (IC50=5.9 μM) in human liver microsomes[1].CC-90005 inhibits IL-2 expression in LRS... | |||
T35890 |
Pentosidine
|
Others | Others |
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed by non-enzymatic chemical reactions following the bonding of sugars to proteins or lipids during diabetes, uremia, aging, rheumatic arthritis, and other conditions. A receptor for the AGEs (RAGE) binds certain members of this class to initiate cell signaling.[1][2] Pentosidine is a well-characterized natural AGE that is often used as a biomarker for the production of all AGEs. While pentosidine can be measured in urine, the majority of ... | |||
T36947 |
Pyrithiamine (hydrobromide)
|
Others | Others |
Pyrithiamine is the pyridine analog of thiamine that prevents growth of organisms that require intact thiamine. [1] It inhibits the growth of bacterial and fungal species at a pyrithiamine:thiamine ratio of 10:1 in growth media and induces symptoms of thiamine deficiency in mice at a dietary ratio of 3:1. These effects are reversible with addition of sufficient thiamine in all species. Pyrithiamine inhibits the formation of cocarboxylase from thiamine in chicken blood in a dose-dependent manner.... | |||
T36887 |
8(E),10(E),12(Z)-Octadecatrienoic Acid
|
Others | Others |
8(E),10(E),12(Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that has been found inC. officinalisseed oil and has anticancer activity.1,2,3It inhibits the growth of Caco-2 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 μM.28(E),10(E),12(Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid (10 μM) induces formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and apoptosis in DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.3It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis in sheep vesicular gland... | |||
T37522 |
Teneligliptin
|
Others | Others |
Teneligliptin (MP-513) is a potent chemotype prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-4 inhibitor, which competitively inhibits human plasma, rat plasma, and human recombinant DPP-4 in vitro, with IC50s of approximately 1 nM. Teneligliptin (MP-513) inhibits all these DPP-4 enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50s of Teneligliptin (MP-513) for rhDPP-4, human plasma, and rat plasma are 0.889, 1.75, and 1.35 nM, respectively. A study of enzyme inhibition kinetics is conducted for Teneligliptin (M... |
Cat. No. | Product Name | Target | Signaling Pathways |
---|---|---|---|
T36329 |
Terpendole I
|
Others | Others |
Terpendole I is a fungal metabolite that has been found in A. yamanashiensis.1 It is a weak inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 145 μM) and is active against the bacteria B. cereus and B. subtilis (MICs = 100 μg/ml for both) but not S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, or K. pneumoniae (MICs = >200 μg/ml for all) or the fungus C. albicans (MIC = 200 μg/ml).1,2 It is cytotoxic to HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 52.6 μM.3 |1. Tomoda, H., Tabata, N., Yang, D.-J., et al. Ter... |
Cat. No. | Product Name | Species | Expression System |
---|---|---|---|
TMPJ-00038 |
IL-7 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His)
interleukin-7,白介素,IL-7,IL-7 interleukin-7,... |
Mouse | HEK293 Cells |
Mouse interleukin-7(IL-7) is the member of hemopoietin family which is important to the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of lymphocyte. Mouse IL-7 shares approximately 88% aa sequence identity with rat IL-7 and 58-60% with human, equine, bovine, ovine, porcine, feline and canine IL-7. It is widely expressed in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues cell and stromal epithelial cells of the thymus, bone marrow, and intestines. IL-7 activation of IL-7 R alpha is critical for both T cell... | |||
TMPK-00405 |
IL-17RA Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 33-320, hFc & Avi), Biotinylated
IL-7R-alpha,IL-7R,ILRA,IL-7R-α,IL-17RA,CANDF5,IL17R,CDw217,C... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
Interleukin 17 (also known as CTLA‑8) is a T cell‑expressed pleotropic cytokine. IL‑17 binds to IL‑17 receptor (IL‑17 R) which shares no homology with any known family of receptors. While the expression of IL‑17 is restricted to activated T cells, the IL‑17 R mRNA exhibits a broad tissue distribution, and has been detected in virtually all cells and tissues tested. The human IL‑17 R gene was localized to chromosome 22. | |||
TMPK-00694 |
CD1A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
CD1,HTA1,FCB6,T6,R4,CD1a |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
CD1 proteins are a family of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like antigen-presenting molecules that present lipids to T cells. The cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of all human CD1 isoforms, with the exception of CD1a, contain tyrosine-based sorting motifs, responsible for the internalization of proteins by the clathrin-mediated pathway. CD1a closer to MHC class I in its trafficking and potential antigen-loading compartments among CD1 isoforms. | |||
TMPK-00237 |
2B4/CD244 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 22-221, His & Avi), Biotinylated
NAIL,CD244,SLAMF4,h2B4,NKR2B4,Nmrk,CD244 antigen,2B... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
2B4 (CD244) is expressed by memory-phenotype CD8() T cells and all natural killer (NK) cells. The ligand for 2B4, CD48, is expressed on hematopoietic cells. 2B4 is conserved in humans and mice, and a number of reports have linked 2B4 with activation of lymphocytes.Engagement of 2B4 on NK cell surfaces with specific antibodies or CD48 can trigger cell mediated cytotoxicity, interferon γ secretion, phosphoinositol turnover and NK cell invasiveness. | |||
TMPY-00004 |
CD28 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc)
CD28 molecule |
Rat | HEK293 Cells |
CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is a disulphide-bonded glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, and structurally consists of a single Ig V-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. Mouse CD28 is constitutively expressed on the surface of all murine T cells and on developing thymocytes as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. CD28 can binds the B7-1 and B7-2 ligand, and together perform important functions in the T and B cell r... | |||
TMPY-03987 |
T Plastin/PLS3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
BMND18,T-plastin,plastin 3 |
Human | E. coli |
PLS3, also known as plastin 3, belongs to the plastin family. Members of this family are actin-binding proteins that are conserved throughout eukaryote evolution and expressed in most tissues of higher eukaryotes. There are two ubiquitous plastin isoforms in humans: L and T. The L isoform is expressed only in hemopoietic cell lineages, while the T isoform has been found in all other normal cells of solid tissues that have replicative potential (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, m... | |||
TMPJ-01154 |
SLAMF3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His)
SLAM family member 3,T-lymphocyte surface ... |
Mouse | HEK293 Cells |
CD229(SLAMF3) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the SLAM subgroup of the CD2 family. Mature mouse CD229 consists of a 406 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with two Ig-like V-set and two Ig-like truncated C2-set domains, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 180 aa cytoplasmic domain with two immunoreceptor tyrosinebased switch motifs ITSMs. Within the first two Ig-like domains that are common to all SLAM proteins, mouse CD229 shares 22%-36% aa sequence identity with mouse 2B4, BLAME, CD2F10,... | |||
TMPY-02518 |
TCL1A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
TCL1,T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1A |
Human | E. coli |
T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (abbreviated for TCL1A) is a member of the TCL1 family. TCL1 protooncogene is expressed in CD3-CD4-CD8-precursor T cells and is extinguished at the CD4+CD8+stage of thymocyte development. In B cells, TCL1 is first expressed in pro-B cells and remains high in naive mantle zone B cells of peripheral lymphoid tissues. The TCL1 protooncogene is overexpressed in many mature B cell lymphomas, especially from AIDS patients. It has been demonstrated that TCL1 is a pow... | |||
TMPJ-00764 |
Catalase/CAT Protein, Human, Recombinant
CAT,Catalase |
Human | E. coli |
Catalase (CAT) is a member of the catalase family. It exists as a homotetramer that occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase is localized in the peroxisome. Catalase promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, mastocytoma cells, and normal and transformed fibroblast cells. Defects in CAT are the cause of acatalasemia which is characterized by absence of ... | |||
TMPJ-00359 |
SLAMF3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
Signaling lymphocytic activation ... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
SLAMF3 (CD229) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the SLAM subgroup of the CD2 family. Mature human SLAMF3 consists of a 407 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with two Ig-like V-set and two Ig-like truncated C2-set domains. The ECD of human SLAMF3 shares 57% - 59% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat SLAMF3. Within the first two Ig-like domains that are common to all SLAM proteins, human SLAMF3 shares 24% - 39% aa sequence identity with human 2B4, BLAME, CD2F-10, CD84, CRACC, ... | |||
TMPJ-00604 |
KIR2DL4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
CD158 Antigen-Like Family Member D,KIR2DL4,MHC Clas... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4(KIR2DL4) is a Single-pass type I membrane protein and contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains.It belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. KIR2DL4 is expressed in all NK cells and some T cells. KIR2DL4 activates the cytotoxicity of NK cells, despite the presence of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic tail. The ITIM was not necessary for activation of lysis by KIR2DL4. The activation signal of ... | |||
TMPJ-00884 |
CXCL9 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His)
Protein m119,C-X-C motif chemokine 9,γ-in<... |
Mouse | HEK293 Cells |
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL9 functions as one of the three ligands of chemokine receptor CXCR3 which is a G protein-coupled receptor found predominantly on T cells. It together with CXCL10 and CXCL11, may activate CXCR3 by binding to it. CXCL9 serves as a cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. It has been observed that tumour e... | |||
TMPY-04547 |
PBK/TOPK Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
HEL164,Nori-3,CT84,TOPK,PDZ binding kinase... |
Human | Baculovirus Insect Cells |
PDZ binding kinase (PBK), also known as TOPK (T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase), is a serine/threonine kinase related to the dual specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family, and has all the characteristic protein kinase subdomains and a C-terminal PDZ-binding T/SXV motif. PBK is expressed in the testis restrictedly expressed in outer cell layer of seminiferous tubules, as well as placenta. PBK may be enrolled in the activation of lymphoid cells and support testicular fun... | |||
TMPY-02763 |
DEP-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 997-1337, His)
HPTPeta,SCC1,protein tyr... |
Human | E. coli |
DEP1 / PTPRJ (Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase eta) is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. DEP1 / PTPRJ possesses an extracellular region containing five fibronectin type III repeats, a single transmembrane region, and a single intracytoplasmic catalytic domain, and thus represents a receptor-... | |||
TMPH-02275 |
Lck Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
Proto-oncogene Lck,T cell-specific pro... |
Human | E. coli |
Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role in the selection and maturation of developing T-cells in the thymus and in the function of mature T-cells. Plays a key role in T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-linked signal transduction pathways. Constitutively associated with the cytoplasmic portions of the CD4 and CD8 surface receptors. Association of the TCR with a peptide antigen-bound MHC complex facilitates the interaction of CD4 and CD8 with MHC class II and class I molecules... | |||
TMPY-04407 |
LOK Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
serine/threonine kinase 10,PRO2729,LOK |
Human | E. coli |
Serine / threonine-protein kinase 1, also known as Lymphocyte-oriented kinase, STK1 and LOK, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser / Thr protein kinase family and STE2 subfamily. Protein kinases constitute a large superfamily of enzymes with key regulatory functions in nearly all signal transmission processes of eukaryotic cells. The Ste2 family of serine/threonine kinases plays an important role in numerous cellular functions such as growth, apoptosis, and morphogenesis. STK1 is si... | |||
TMPY-01033 |
IL-32 Protein, Human, Recombinant (isoform alpha, His)
IL-32δ,IL-32beta,IL32,TAIFc,IL-32γ,白介素,IL-... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
IL-32 is a recently discovered cytokine that induces various proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) and chemokines in both human and mouse cells through the NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK inflammatory signal pathways. It is regulated robustly by other major proinflammatory cytokines and is crucial to inflammation and immune responses. Four of the IL-32 isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) are the most representative IL-32 transcripts, and the gamma isoform of IL-32 is the most active,... |