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T41321
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Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester
Ethyl docosahexaenoate
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Dopamine Receptor |
GPCR/G Protein;
Neuroscience |
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Docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl docosahexaenoate) 通过诱导小鼠纹状体脂质过氧化增强6-羟基多巴胺诱导的神经元损伤,可用于研究视网膜或神经元氧化疾病。 |
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T19294
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Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester
二十二六烯酸甲酯,Methyl docosahexaenoate,all cis-DHA methyl ester
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Others |
Others |
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Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester (all cis-DHA methyl ester) 是甲基化的二十二碳六烯酸类似物，能够插入膜磷脂中而不被氧化或水解。 |
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T36868
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4-oxo Docosahexaenoic Acid
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Others |
Others |
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4-oxo Docosahexaenoic acid (4-oxo DHA) is a putative metabolite of DHA with antiproliferative and PPARγ agonist activity. It inhibits the growth of several triple negative breast cancer cell lines (MCF-10F, trMCF, bsMCF, MDA-MB-231, and BT549) at 50-100 μM, however it increased proliferation of MCF-7 cells. 4-oxo DHA binds covalently to PPARγ and activates gene transcription in luciferase reporter assays and in dendritic cells with EC50 values of approximately 8-16 μM. |
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T37633
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17-oxo-4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosahexaenoic Acid
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Others |
Others |
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17-oxo-4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosahexaenoic acid is a metabolite of lipoxygenase-mediated oxidation of DHA that is produced endogenously by aspirin-enhanced COX-2 activity. It has been shown to activate Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression, to act as a PPARγ agonist (EC50 = ~200 nM), and to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production at biological concentration ranges (5-25 μM). |
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T84487
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17(S)-HpDHA
17(S)-hydroperoxy Docosahexaenoic Acid
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Others |
Others |
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17(S)-HpDHA为主要由15-Lipoxygenase（LOX）同工酶：h15-LOX-1和h15-LOX-2与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)反应生成。该化合物通过变构负向调控环氧化物合成，且能够抑制血小板聚集，其EC50值约为1μM。 |
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T85270
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Alkyne
Click Tag™ DHA Alkyne,FA 22:8
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Others |
Others |
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Docosahexaenoic acid alkyne, an ω-alkyne derivative of docosahexaenoic acid, enables Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition with azide-containing molecules for efficient click chemistry applications. It can be further utilized to produce alkyne-modified products like glycerophospholipids. Additionally, this compound permits the monitoring of fatty acid metabolism in cells through click chemistry linkage to fluorophores. |
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T70005
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LY3325656
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Others |
Others |
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LY3325656 is a GPR142 agonist suitable for clinical testing in human. LY3325656 demonstrated anti-diabetic benefits in pre-clinical studies and
ADME/PK properties suitable for human dosing. LY3325656 is the first GPR142 agonist molecule advancing to phase 1 clinic trials for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. |
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T19331
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F 16915
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Others |
Others |
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F 16915 can prevent heart failure-induced atrial fibrillation.F 16915 is a docosahexaenoic acid derivative. |
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T41059
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Resolvin D3
RvD3
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Others |
Others |
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Resolvin D3 (RvD3) is a dysregulated mediator originating from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It plays a crucial role in reducing arthritic inflammation. |
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T12707
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Resolvin D2
RvD2
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Others |
Others |
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Resolvin D2 is a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) metabolite, with anti-inflammatory and anti-infective activities. |
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T36663
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Decanoyl-L-carnitine (chloride)
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Others |
Others |
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Decanoyl-L-carnitine is an ester derivative of L-carnitine . It increases the formation of C24 fatty acid intermediates, as well as docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in rat hepatocytes. |
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T85225
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1,2-Dioleoyl-3-Docosohexaenoyl-rac-glycerol
1,2-Olein-3-Docosohexaenoin,C1OO,TG(18:1/18:1/22:6),18:1/18:1/22:6-TG
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Others |
Others |
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1,2-Dioleoyl-3-docosohexaenoyl-rac-glycerol, a triacylglycerol, consists of oleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and docosahexaenoic acid at the sn-3 position. This compound has been identified in human breast milk. |
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T35997
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22-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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22-HDHA is an oxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid . In vitro, it is formed upon incubation of rat liver microsomes with DHA and NADPH and also by the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP4F3B in BTI-TN-5B1-4 microsomes. Serum levels of 22-HDHA increase following dietary DHA supplementation in humans. |
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T35492
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(±)10(11)-DiHDPA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)10(11)-DiHDPA is produced from cytochrome P450 epoxygenase action on docosahexaenoic acid . It has been shown to inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in mice and may have additional anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. |
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T36607
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(±)8-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)8-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro. It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes. (±)8-HDHA is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. |
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T35512
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(±)16-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)16-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro. It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes. (±)16-HDHA is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. |
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T37225
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(±)7(8)-DiHDPA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)7(8)-DiHDPA is a major metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that is produced via oxidation by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Epoxygenase metabolites of DHA, including (±)7(8)-DiHDPA, suppress aggregation and thromboxane synthesis in isolated platelets. |
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T35495
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(±)13(14)-DiHDPA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)13(14)-DiHDPA is a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that is produced via oxidation by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Epoxygenase metabolites of DHA, including (±)13(14)-DiHDPA, are reported to inhibit angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. |
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T35504
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(±)10-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)10-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro.[1][2] It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes.[3][4][5] (±)10-HDHA is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid.
Reference：[1]. VanRollins, M., and Murphy, R.C. Autooxidation of docosahexaenoic acid: Analysis of ten isomers of hydroxydocosahexaenoate. J. Lipid Res. 25(5), 507-517 (1984).[2]. Reynaud, ... |
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T37371
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4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),16(Z)-Nonadecapentaenoic Acid
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Others |
Others |
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4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),16(Z)-Nonadecapentaenoic acid is an unusual polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) generated during the synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid-d5 . While the physiological properties of this compound are not known, dietary intake of n-3 long-chain PUFAs provides potential health benefits. |
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T85229
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1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-Docosahexaenoyl Glycerol
TG(16:0/22:6/16:0),1,3-Palmitin-2-Docoahexaenoin,16:0/22:6/16:0-TG
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Others |
Others |
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1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl glycerol, a triacylglycerol, features palmitic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and docosahexaenoic acid at the sn-2 position. Its dietary administration (30 g/kg) has been shown to decrease hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels in mice. |
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T37532
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Docosahexaenoyl Glycine
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The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in fish oils provide cardiovascular benefits. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a C22:6 PUFA, is the most abundant ω-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the retina and brain. It can be synthesized from other dietary ω-3 PUFAs or taken as a nutritional supplement. Docosahexaenoyl glycine consists of DHA with glycine attached at its carboxy terminus. |
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T37289
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Resolvin D2 n-3 DPA
Resolvin D2 n-3 DPA
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Others |
Others |
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Resolvin D2 n-3 DPA (RvD2 n-3 DPA) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM).1It is formed from docosapentaenoic acid , an intermediate in the conversion of eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid , in human leukocytes. RvD2 n-3 DPA (1 nM) reduces TNF-α-induced chemotaxis and adhesion of isolated human neutrophils.In vivo, RvD2 n-3 DPA (100 ng/animal; i.v.) reduces peritoneal neutrophil infiltration and exudate levels of IL-6 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in a mouse model o... |
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T84990
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1-Palmitoyl-2-Docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE
1-Hexadecanoyl-2-(Docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-Phosphatidylethanolamine
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Others |
Others |
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1-Palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE, a phospholipid comprising palmitic acid (at the sn-1 position) and docosahexaenoic acid (at the sn-2 position), is present in the nucleus of mouse liver but absent from mitochondria. Notably, its levels in pre-term infant plasma are lower compared to those in maternal or fetal plasma. |
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T36602
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(±)4-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)4-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro. It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes. Enzymatic transformation of DHA by RBL-1 cells also produces 4-HDHA. However, the enzymatic product is most likely the S-isomer. (±)4-HDHA is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. |
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T35508
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(±)13-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)13-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro. It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes. Fresh water hydra was shown to metabolize DHA to 13(R)-HDHA, presumably via the 11R-lipoxygenase activity. (±)13-HDHA is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. |
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T37169
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Resolvin D2 methyl ester
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Others |
Others |
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Resolvin D2 (RvD2) is a lipid mediator biosynthesized by the sequential oxygenation of docosahexaenoic acid by 15- and 5-lipoxygenase. It evokes diverse anti-inflammatory effects which may mediate the resolution of inflammation. RvD2 methyl ester is a methyl ester version of the free acid which may act as a lipophilic prodrug form that will alter its distribution and pharmacokinetic properties. The methyl ester moiety is susceptible to cleavage by intracellular esterases, leaving the free acid. |
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T37168
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Resolvin D1 methyl ester
Resolvin D1 methyl ester
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Others |
Others |
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Resolvin D1 is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of docosahexaenoic acid by 15- and 5-lipoxygenase . It reduces human polymorphonuclear leukocyte transendothelial migration, the earliest event in acute inflammation, with an EC50 value of ~30 nM. RvD1 methyl ester is a methyl ester version of the free acid that may act as a lipophilic prodrug form that will alter its distribution and pharmacokinetic properties. The methyl ester moiety is susceptible to cleavage by intracell... |
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T37240
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(±)4(5)-DiHDPA lactone
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Others |
Others |
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(±)5(6)-DiHET lactone is a 1,5 cyclic ester derived from (±)5(6)-DiHET , which, in turn, is a potential derivative of epoxidation of arachidonic acid at the α-5 double bond. (±)4(5)-DiHDPA lactone is a derivative of docosahexaenoic acid that is analogous to (±)5(6)-DiHET lactone. It is the 1,4 cyclic ester derived from (±)4(5)-DiHDPA, which is produced by epoxidation of DHA at the α-4 double bond. Its biological activity is unknown. |
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T37301
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PCTR2
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Others |
Others |
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Protein conjugates in tissue regeneration 2 (PCTR2) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid . DHA is oxidized to 16S,17S-epoxy-protectin, which is converted to PCTR1 by glutathione S-transferase and to PCTR2 via γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. PCTR2 is found in resolving mouse exudate and in both M1 and M2 macrophages differentiated from isolated human monocytes. |
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T35947
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17(S)-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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17(S)-HDHA is a primary mono-oxygenation product of docosahexaenoic acid in human whole blood, human leukocytes, and mouse brain. 17(S)-HDHA serves as a precursor to 17(S)-resolvins and has intrinsic biological activity, such as the inhibition of TNF-α-induced interleukin-1β expression in human glioma cells and inhibition of TNF-α-induced leukocyte trafficking to the mouse air pouch. |
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T36606
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(±)7-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)7-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro. It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes. Enzymatic transformation of DHA by RBL-1 cells and human neutrophils also produces 7-HDHA. However, the enzymatic product is most likely the S-isomer. (±)7-HDHA is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. |
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T84397
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Heneicosapentaenoic Acid ethyl ester
HPA ethyl ester
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Others |
Others |
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Heneicosapentaenoic Acid (HPA), a 21:5 ω-3 fatty acid, is found in minute quantities in green algae and fish oils, resembling eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) but with an added carbon on the carboxyl end, positioning the initial double bond at the Δ6 location. HPA serves as a tool for examining the impact of double bond positions within n-3 fatty acids, as it is incorporated into phospholipids and triacylglycerol in vivo as efficiently as EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while significantly inhibi... |
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T37302
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PCTR3
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Others |
Others |
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Protein conjugates in tissue regeneration 3 (PCTR3) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid . DHA is oxidized to 16S,17S-epoxy-protectin, which is converted to PCTR1 by glutathione S-transferase and to PCTR2 and PCTR3 via peptidases. PCTR3 is found in infected mouse spleens and resolving exudate as well as isolated human spleen and septic plasma. It is also found in both M1 and M2 macrophages differentiated from isolated human monocytes. |
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T36042
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17(R)-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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Resolvins are a group of polyhydroxylated metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in the inflammatory exudates of aspirin-treated experimental animals. 17(R)-HDHA is the primary oxygenation product of DHA when exposed to aspirin-inhibited cyclooxygenase-2. 17(R)-HDHA serves as a precursor to resolvins and has intrinsic biological activity, such as the inhibition of TNFα-induced IL-1β expression in human glioma cells. |
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T36426
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Eicosapentaenoyl 1-propanol-2-amide
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Others |
Others |
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Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have diverse physiological and health effects. In particular, MAGs containing docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid have anti-proliferative properties against colon and lung cancer cell lines. Eicosapentaenoyl 1-propanol-2-amide is an EPA-containing MAG amide analog that inhibits the growth of human lung carcinoma A549 cells, producing 98.4% growth inhibition when applied at 3 μM. It is an analog of eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide... |
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T36218
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19R(20S)-EpDPA
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Others |
Others |
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19R(20S)-EpDPA is an oxylipin and a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid .1,2It is formed from DHA by various cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms in a stereoselective manner.219R(20S)-EpDPA (30 nM) prevents calcium-induced increases in the spontaneous beating of isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs).3
1.Cinelli, M.A., Yang, J., Scharmen, A., et al.Enzymatic synthesis and chemical inversion provide both enantiomers of bioactive epoxydocosapentaenoic acidsJ. Lipid Res.59(11)2237-2252(2018) 2.Lucas... |
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T37234
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(±)14(15)-EpETE
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Others |
Others |
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EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids, produces epoxides such as (±)14(15)-EpETrE which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator. However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoi... |
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T38208
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Heneicosapentaenoic Acid
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Others |
Others |
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Heneicosapentaenoic Acid (HPA) is a 21:5 ω-3 fatty acid present in trace amounts in the green alga B. pennata and in fish oils. Its chemical composition is similar to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) except elongated with one carbon on the carboxyl end, placing the first double bond in the δ6 position. HPA can be used to study the significance of the position of the double bonds in ω-3 fatty acids. It incorporates into phospholipids and into triacylglycerol in vivo with the same efficiency as EPA and... |
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T37259
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14(S)-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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Docosahexaenoic acid is a nutritionally-derived ω-3 fatty acid that is abundant in the brain and the retina and is thought to be important in early development and for therapeutic approaches to inflammatory disorders and cancer. 14(S)-HDHA is an oxygenation product of DHA that serves as a precursor to maresin 1 , an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving mediator that prevents polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and stimulates macrophage phagocytosis. At doses as low as 0.2 ng/mouse 14(S)-... |
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T35505
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(±)11-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)11-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro. It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes. DHA is metabolized to 11(S)-HDHA by human platelets and canine retina. In addition to 11(S)-HDHA, 14(S)-HDHA is also produced by platelets. 11(S)-HDHA was shown to be an inhibitor of U-46619-induced human platelet aggregation and rabbit and rat aortic smooth muscle contraction with IC50 values of about 50, 4.7, and 7.5 μM, respe... |
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T70006
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DHA-paclitaxel
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Others |
Others |
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DHA-paclitaxel, also know as Taxoprexin, is prodrug comprised of the naturally occurring omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) covalently conjugated to the anti-microtubule agent paclitaxel. Because tumor cells take up DHA, DHA-paclitaxel is delivered directly to tumor tissue, where the paclitaxel moiety binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of microtubules, thereby resulting in the inhibition of cell division. Paclitaxel also induces apoptosis by binding to and blocking the func... |
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T38222
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N-(α-Linolenoyl) Tyrosine
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Certain chronic neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, are caused by an insufficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine secondary to the degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. N-(α-Linolenoyl) tyrosine (NALT) is a simple α-amide conjugate between the ω-3 essential fatty acid α-linolenate and the amino acid tyrosine. α-Linolenate is an important precursor to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prominent brain polyunsaturated fatty acid, while tyrosine is the metabolic precurs... |
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T84469
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Heneicosapentaenoic Acid methyl ester
HPA methyl ester
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Others |
Others |
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Heneicosapentaenoic Acid (HPA) is a fatty acid found in small amounts in Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux green algae and fish oils, with a structure similar to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but with an additional carbon at the carboxyl end, resulting in the first double bond being in the Δ6 position. HPA is important for researching the impact of double bond positions in n-3 fatty acids, as it integrates into phospholipids and triacylglycerol in vivo as effectively as EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA... |
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T37503
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Maresin 2
3R,14S-diHDHA
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Others |
Others |
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Docosahexaenoic acid is an ω-3 fatty acid that is abundant in the brain and the retina and is known to be important in early development.[1] [2] Maresin 2 (MaR2) is a 13R,14S-dihydroxy DHA formed by recombinant human macrophage 12-lipoxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase co-incubated with DHA. [3] At 1 ng/mouse, MaR2 was shown to reduce neutrophil infiltration by 40% in a mouse model of peritonitis, and at 10 pM, MaR2 can enhance human macrophage phagocytosis of zymosan A by 90%. [3] Analytica... |
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T36601
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(±)17-HDHA
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Others |
Others |
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(±)17-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid in vitro. It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes. 17(S)-HDHA could be produced by enzymatic oxidation of DHA using soybean lipoxygenase (LO) and is the putative product of mammalian 15-LOs. 17(S)-HDHA was shown to be an inhibitor of U-46619 -induced rabbit and rat aortic smooth muscle contraction with IC50 values of 4.9 and 7.2 μM, respectively. (±)17-HDHA is a potential marker of ox... |
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T35496
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(±)13(14)-EpDPA
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Others |
Others |
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Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers. (±)13(14)-EpDPA is a docosahexaenoic acid epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the 13,14-double bond of DHA. It has been detected in rat brain and spinal cord and is a preferred substrate for soluble epoxide hydrolase with a Km value of 3.2 μM. (±)13(14)-EpDPA demonstrates antihyperalgesic activity in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. (±)13(14)-EpDPA and other epoxy m... |
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T37300
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PCTR1
PCTR1
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Others |
Others |
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Protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (PCTR1) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid . DHA is oxidized to 16S,17S-epoxy-protectin, which is then converted to PCTR1 by glutathione S-transferase. PCTR1 levels increase during resolution of acute microbial-induced peritonitis in mice. PCTR1 (30 ng, i.p.) administration 12 hours post-infection increases macrophage numbers and activity and shortens the resolution phase of inflammation by 57%. It als... |
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T35493
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(±)10(11)-EpDPA
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Others |
Others |
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Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers. (±)10(11)-EpDPA is a docosahexaenoic acid epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the 10,11-double bond of DHA. It has been detected in rat brain and spinal cord, as well as human serum, and acts as a substrate for soluble epoxide hydrolase with a Km value of 5.1 μM. (±)10(11)-EpDPA and other epoxy metabolites of DHA are reported to demonstrate antihyperalgesic activity in infla... |
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T37235
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(±)16(17)-EpDPA
(±)16,17-EpDPE,(±)16,17 EDP,(±)16,17-epoxy Docosapentaenoic Acid,(±)16,17-epoxy DPA,(±)16(17)-EpDPA
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Others |
Others |
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EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators.[1],[2]Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces epoxides such as (±)14(15)-EET which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator.[3] However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahex... |
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